hi lucy. dir auch alles gute :)
well, german and dutch are really quite close. and if the dutch speak very slowly you are able to understand most of the meaning. I think it works the other way round, too.
today I received a christmas package full of dutch goods (cookies, coffee, tea, jam etc) and I thought “really quite close to german”.
so yes, basically we can understand the meaning of a sentence, maybe not the whole sense, but the direction of the idea, I would say.
but a dutch student of mine told me that dutch is a mixture of 30% french, 30% english, 30% german and 10% unknown (maybe languages from their former colonies).
so you can’t automatically say, that a german person who only speaks german might understand the dutch. maybe I can understand them because I speak french and english, too?!
so you see, really a good question ;)